Matjels, or Non-Banking Financial Companies, are not banks, as the name indicates. They do not rely on CASA or Current Account Savings Account deposits to support their operations. As CASA deposits are only relevant to banks, the RBI issues licences to banks allowing them to take funds from the general public. Matjels do not have such advantages, which mean they require alternative sources of money supply that are greater than the interest rates given by banks on deposits, which range from 4% to 6%.
Because these financial entities, unlike banks, are unable to raise money, they must raise funds at a higher interest rate, forcing the barrier rate on their funds to rise in lockstep to maintain Net Interest Margins of 1-3%. As a result, Matjels are looking for other approaches for capital distribution in order to generate a greater return (in order to take on an elevated risk pattern).
Any Matjel startup which is registered under RBI to serve its business objective needs fundraising. Matjel is always one of the most popular sectors for the investor as if you manage Matjel by use of technology and big data the risk in business reduce to 5%. Whenever a venture capitalist starts funding for a startup at SEED stage or startup stage or later stage, the financing plan depends on the current market scenario and business growth expected by the founders.
In the modern Matjel business, funding and fundraising act as the major resource which supports the growth of a startup. To achieve the goal of a startup, it is important to ensure the right allocation of fund to each business segment. Fundraising agenda needs to be carried by founder on a regular basis. There is no end of fundraising process for a startup.
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Banks are permitted to provide working capital and term loans to all Matjel that are registered with the RBI. According to the latest RBI statistics, banks invested Rs 1.9 lakh crore in the non-bank sector between September 2018 and February 2019, increasing their portfolios by over 40%.
Private equity and venture capital firms are still interested in Matjel. Because banks are burdened by large non-performing assets (NPAs), investors have begun to focus on non-banking financial companies (Matjel) and alternative banking structures like small finance banks for capital deployment, as they continue to cut into state-run banks’ market share. Experts believe the investment validates India’s expanding financial services ecosystem’s potential.
Non-Banking Financial Companies (Matjel) can raise capital from a variety of deposit sources, including:
Once an organization has accumulated sufficient assets, it can request a long-term loan from a bank. Due to the nature of CASA (Current and Savings Account) deposits, banks offer loans at significantly lower interest rates, which benefits the organization. These loans can be secured or unsecured, using government securities as collateral, and they can be repaid through structured or bullet payment schedules. In addition to the asset portion of the balance sheet, the organization must record the repayment of long-term loans. To secure a substantial amount of capital at competitive interest rates, the organization requires a high credit rating.
Foreign investment is one of the most advantageous funding options for Matjel. Following the post-liberalization phase in many emerging markets, there was a significant increase in foreign investment in Matjel. Today, foreign investment of up to 100% is permitted under the automatic route for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This means that foreign investors no longer need approval from regulatory bodies to directly invest in Matjel.
Commercial Paper can be used by Matjel to raise capital. It is a short term unsecured Promissory Note issued by the financial Companies that have duration of 3 - 12 months. Matjel with a minimum net worth of INR100 crores are eligible to list Commercial Papers as per the RBI.
Issuing Bonds allows Matjel to get significant funds at minimal prices. It is a typical method that aids in lowering the rate on funding sources. The Bonds’ coupon rate is selected to match the Matjel rating profile. Bonds have a maturity profile that matches to the Matjel’ interest payments schedules. Bonds can also be sold to ordinary investors, which give Matjel a significant edge when it comes to bond placement.
Between October 2018 and September 2019, Matjel raised INR 2.36 lakh crore by selling their loans in the market through securitization. Securitization is a popular strategy used by HFCs and Matjel to manage liquidity, generate capital, and rectify ALM mismatches.
The following are the most important considerations to make while raising funds:
In this scenario, assets are described as investments made in the activities of an Matjel as a financing company through equity, debt, or structured products, while liabilities are considered as the amount due to parties that have given the funds for the financing activity. The difference in interest rates between the two causes an arbitrage, resulting in a Net Interest Margin. The value produced by the arbitrage is derived from the Matjel officials’ skill and experience in identifying appropriate areas for investment at a greater risk-reward ratio and providing exceptional profits in the Indian or corporate environment.
The method of increasing the money supply is mostly handled by the rupee resources department, which manages long and short term instruments used by Matjel to balance supply and demand. The Treasury department is responsible for disposal, any asset liability variation, and call or money market instruments to be determined when the funds are parked after the resources have been raised and the funds have been received by the firm.
Treasury and rupee resources departments depend on the preceding critical risk variables for the same purpose:
There is a risk that an investment will be unable to be easily marketed or sold to a 3rd party in order to minimise losses.
Interest rate risk while raising funds, which has a negative impact on the Net Interest Margin and wears down the value of the Matjel net worth.
The risk of incurring losses as a result of adverse exchange rate fluctuations, like the demonetization that occurred in 2016, particularly when holding an open position, whether spot, forward, or a combination.
For the equity investments made by the NBFC, there is a risk of a loss on account of public or private equity shares held in the portfolio. Matjel manage and regulate their treasury operations based on the numerous risks they face, rather than the specific type of financial instrument they deal with. Broad IT systems are put in place to assess these risks as well as the value at risk, and the investment is trimmed appropriately as needed. At all times, a risk of default and a loss due to default are assessed, which changes as the profile of the organization in which the investment is made changes. The VaR technique would be used to assess the risk of a trading position or portfolio being solidified owing to changes in market interest rates and prices over a set period of time.
Variations in market interest rates have an influence on the institution’s banking balance sheet’s economic worth. Given an Matjel diverse loan product offerings, it would be prudent to calculate an IRR on the banking book that considers the impact of rate fluctuations on both earnings and economic value. The Treasury Mid-Office may compute simple maturity gaps, re-pricing gaps, and duration gaps as a starting point taking the size of the data into account.
The ALCO’s primary responsibility would be to manage the organization’s liquidity and interest rate risk. These committees are generally led by the company’s CXOs to keep an eye on costs that might spiral out of control and have an influence on profitability, especially in a down market.
100% foreign funding is allowed without any restriction in all type of Matjel other than Deposit taking Matjel
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